European Union Drone Regulations
The EU regulates drones through EASA under Regulation 2019/947. The framework uses a risk-based approach with three categories: Open, Specific, and Certified. Most FPV operations fall under the Open category.
Open Category (Most FPV Operations)
The Open category covers low-risk operations. Divided into subcategories A1 (fly over but not assemblies of people), A2 (fly close to people with training), and A3 (fly far from people). Most recreational FPV flying falls under A1 or A3.
Drone Classes and Registration
Drones are classified C0-C4 based on weight and features. C0 (under 250g): minimal requirements. C1-C4: require registration and online training. All drones over 250g or with cameras must be registered with the national aviation authority.
Training and Certification
A1/A3 subcategory requires completion of an online training course and exam (free in most EU countries). A2 subcategory requires additional training and a practical assessment. Each EU member state administers training through their national aviation authority.
Remote Identification
Class C1-C4 drones must have direct remote identification capability. Class C0 drones are exempt. EU Remote ID broadcasts drone serial number and operator registration.
Restrictions
- Maximum altitude of 120 meters (400 feet) AGL in Open category
- Visual line of sight required (or use of an observer)
- No flying in restricted/prohibited airspace without authorization
- Geo-awareness system required for C1-C4 drones
- No flying over assemblies of people in A3 subcategory
- Each EU member state may have additional national rules